What to do…

FIRST AID

Procedure for Handling CRITICAL CONDITIONS

• Call emergency services by dialing 155 or 112;
• Assess the situation in terms of SAFETY and eliminate risks: take out your rubber gloves from your pocket (where you usually keep them), put on a high-visibility vest, turn off the power, etc. – depending on the specific situation;
• Look at the injured person. If they are walking, breathing without apparent difficulty, and not bleeding heavily, calm both them and yourself – it is likely not an immediately critical condition (which of course does not mean that the situation cannot change at any moment).

If that is not the case, address critical conditions in the following order:

• If you see critical bleeding, stop it by any means (apply pressure to the wound, or use a tourniquet if necessary).
• If the person is choking (unable to breathe at all): if they may have inhaled something, encourage them to cough and possibly deliver back blows. In the case of collapse, try to tilt the person’s head back and clear the mouth cavity.
• If the patient is breathing heavily but regularly, help them assume a position that facilitates breathing – semi-sitting, or if unconscious, the recovery position on their side – but continuous monitoring of breathing is essential!
• If the person is unconscious and not breathing or gasping for air, start resuscitation. If they are experiencing full-body convulsions, wait until the convulsions subside.
• If there is a risk of hypothermia, try to ensure the person is kept warm.

RESUSCITATION:

• Turn the person onto their back and compress the chest at the center of the breastbone at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute to a depth of 5–6 cm (or about one-third the depth of the chest).
• If an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is available, use it.
• Do not interrupt resuscitation if possible. Only stop if the person begins to respond or breathe normally, or due to complete exhaustion of the rescuers. If a medical professional is present or a rescuer trained in providing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, they can combine chest compressions with breaths in a ratio of 30:2. Each breath should last about 1 second and should be delivered in a volume sufficient to visibly raise the chest. Mouth-to-lung breathing should not be performed if effective gasps persist (or appear during resuscitation). These occasional “gasping” breaths should not be a reason to interrupt or even stop resuscitation!

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