First Aid – Car Accident

• Act calmly
• You’ll have to tell the operator: Your name and surname, what happened, where you are, the landmark, the number of injured people and explain their condition
• Other necessary information (e.g., caller’s number)
• Call the emergency service before first aid is provided in case an adult is injured. If a child younger than 8 years of age is injured, call the emergency service after 1 minute of cardiac massage and artificial ventilation.
• Ask the operator for advice on how to proceed until medical help arrives.

Examining the injured person

By looking, listening and touching, verify

• Breathing
• Bleeding
• Body position
• Face colour
• Body temperature
• Sweat
• Check the injured person’s vital signs

Breathing

• First, we should find out if the injured person has something in the oral cavity, then open their airway and finally check whether they breathe spontaneously. If we do the first step same as the second or last, the dirt from the oral cavity can fall into the open airway and the victim could suffocate.
• Turn the patient’s head to the side, open their mouth and see if there is any gum, candy, dentures, vomit, mud, or anything else that doesn’t belong there. If so, use one or two fingers wrapped e.g. in a tissue to carefully wipe the injured person’s oral cavity from one corner to the other. Be careful not to push the dirt deeper into the airway.
• When the oral cavity is clear, tilt the injured person’s head back by pushing on their forehead and pulling their chin. This will open the airway.
• Now lean over the injured person so that you place your ear over their mouth and your hand on their chest. If you feel the exhaled airflow and chest movements, you can put the patient in recovery position.
• Not breathing? Start resuscitation

Unconsciousness

• Address the insured
• Search for massive bleeding
• Put the injured person in the back
  position (very carefully if you suspect spinal injury)
• Tilt his head to open the airway

Bleeding

• Apply pressure bandage
• Raise the bleeding limb
• Take shock measures: treat injuries,
  avoid heat loss, raise limbs to elevated position

Resuscitation – just two hands can save life

• If not breathing normally, tilt his head
  back and put something under his shoulders. Give 100 chest compressions (both
  hands on the centre of the chest, press 5-7 cm, count down aloud)
• Compression frequency approximately
  twice times per second
• Don’t interrupt resuscitation by
  checking pulse, it’s valid for one or two rescuers
• Do NOT interrupt cardiac massage if
  possible

Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

• Open the injured person’s airway (tilt
  his head back)
• Seal the nose and area around the mouth
  well
• Always use a resuscitation mask (or
  plastic)
• Give rescue breaths and check chest
  movement

Shock

• Address the insured
• Check pulse and skin colour
• Provide warmth and silence
• Do not administer fluids by mouth
• You can lift the limbs

Unsuitable first aid measures

• Do not remove the injured person’s clothes
  
• Do not straighten broken limbs and do
  not push bone fragments into the wound of open fractures
• Do not remove a foreign protruding body
  from the wound
• Do not force the injured person to
  change position
• Do not pour disinfectant solution
  directly on the wound
• Do not give fluids and medicines by
  mouth
• Do not leave the injured person
  unattended
• Do not remove protective helmets in
  cyclists and motorcyclists unless resuscitation is required